The following are references that describe research that has been conducted on seals of Newfoundland and Labrador. This list is by no means complete, and is decidely weighted towards information regarding harp seals.
Anonymous. 1958. Seals and the sealing industry in Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 1:1-47.
References:
Anonymous. 1981. Statement of WWF's position on harp and hooded seal harvests. Environmental Conservation, 8:126.
Anonymous. 1986. Seals and sealing in Canada. A report of the Royal Commission. 3. Ministry of Supply and Services, Ottawa.
Anonymous. 1997. Harp seal - fishery interactions in the northwest Atlantic: toward research & management actions. Canadian Centre for Fisheries Innovation, St. John's, Newfoundland.
Bjoerndal, T., Conrad, J.M., and Salvanes, K.G. 1993. Stock size, harvesting costs, and the potential for extinction: the case of sealing. Land Economics, 69:156-167.
Bowen, W.D., Capstick, C.K., and Sergeant, D.E. 1981. Temporal changes in the reproductive potential of female harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 38:495-503.
Bowen, W.D., Sergeant, D.E., and ¯ritsland, T. 1983. Validation of age determination in the harp seal, Phoca groenlandica, using dentinal annuli. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 40:1430-1441.
Bowen, W.D. 1985. Harp seal feeding and interactions with commercial fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic. In Marine Mammals and Fisheries. Edited by J.R. Beddington, R.J.H. Beverton and D.M. Lavigne. Allen and Unwin, Ltd., London. pp. 135-152.
Brattey, J., and Ni, I.H. 1992. Ascaridoid nematodes from the stomach of harp seals, Phoca groenlandica, from Newfoundland and Labrador. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 49:956-966.
Chabot, D., Stenson, G.B., and Cadigan, N.G. 1995. Short- and long-term fluctuations in the size and condition of harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) in the northwest Atlantic. NAFO SCR Doc. 95/42. Series No. N2257. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
Chivers, C.J. 1997. The hunt is on. Wildlife Conservation, 100:36-43.
Colman, J.S. 1937. The present state of the Newfoundland seal fishery. J. Anim. Ecol., 6:145-159.
Colman, J.S. 1949. The Newfoundland seal fishery and the Second World War. J. Anim. Ecol., 18:40-46.
Daoust, P.Y., Haines, D.M., Thorsen, J., Duignan, P.J., and Geraci, J.R. 1993. Phocine distemper in a harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. J. Wildl. Dis., 29:114-117.
Finley, K.J., and Gibb, E.J. 1984. Summer diet and feeding behaviour of harp seals in the Canadian high Arctic. In The harp seal. Edited by D.M. Lavigne, K. Ronald and R.E.A. Stewart. The Hague.
Foy, M.G., deGraaf, D.A., and Buchanan, R.A. 1981. Harp seal feeding along the Labrador coast, 1979-1981. LGL Ltd. Rep. Toronto, to Petro-Canada Exploration Inc. Calgary, AB. Petro-Canada Explorations Ltd., Calgary, Alberta.
Hellou, J., Upshall, C., Ni, I.H., Payne, J.F., and Huang, Y.S. 1991. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) from the northwest Atlantic. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 21:135-140.
Hobson, K.A., Schell, D.M., Renouf, D., and Noseworthy, E. 1996. Stable-carbon and nitrogen fractionation between diet and tissues of captive seals: implications for dietary reconstructions involving marine mammals. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 53:528-533.
Jones, D., Ronald, K., Lavigne, D.M., Frank, R., Holdrinet, M., and Uthe, J.F. 1976. Organochlorine and mercury residues in the harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus). Sci. Total. Environ., 5:181-195.
Katona, S.K., Rough, V., and Richardson, D.T. 1993. A field guide to whales, porpoises, and seals from Cape Cod to Newfoundland. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
Kovacs, K.M. 1987. Maternal behaviour and early behavioural ontogeny of harp seals, Phoca groenlandica. Anim. Behav., 35:844-855.
Lassner, J. 1996. Fatty acid composition of harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) blubber as an indicator of diet. Honours thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.
Lavigne, D.M. 1985. Canada's sealing controversy: the issues and the interest groups. Ministry of Supply and Services, Ottawa, Ontario.
Lavigne, D.M. 1985. Seals, science, and politics. Reflections on Canada's sealing controversy. Ministry of Supply and Services, Ottawa, Ontario.
Lavigne, D.M. 1992. Killer seals stalk the sea. BBC Wildlife, 10:49-50.
Lavigne, D.M. 1995. Ecological interactions between marine mammals, commercial fisheries and their prey: unravelling the tangled web. Technical Report. 95-02. International Marine Mammal Association Inc., Guelph, Ontario.
Lavigne, D.M., and Kovacs, K. 1988. Harps and hoods; ice breeding seals of the Northwest Atlantic. University of Waterloo Press, Waterloo, Ontario.
Lawson, J.W., Anderson, J.T., Dalley, E.L., and Stenson, G.B. 1998. Selective foraging by harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in nearshore and offshore waters of Newfoundland, 1993-94. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 163:1-10.
Lawson, J.W., Magalhaes, A., and Miller, E.H. 1998. Important prey species of marine vertebrate predators in the Northwest Atlantic: proximate composition and energy density. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 164:13-20.
Lawson, J.W., Noseworthy, E., and Miller, E.H. 1997. Variation in assimilation and digestive efficiency of captive harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) on different diets. Can. J. Zool., 75:1285-1291.
Lawson, J.W., Hare, J.A., Noseworthy, E., and Friel, J.K. 1997. Assimilation efficiency of captive ringed seals (Phoca hispida) fed different diets. Polar Biol., 18:107-111.
Lawson, J.W., and Stenson, G.B. 1997. Diet of Northwest Atlantic harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in offshore areas. Can. J. Zool., 75:2095-2106.
Lawson, J.W., and Stenson, G.B. 1995. Historic variation in the diet of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in the northwest Atlantic. In Whales, seals, fish and man. Edited by A.S. Blix, L. Wall¿e and ¯. Ultang. Elsevier Science B.V., Troms¿, Norway. pp. 261-269.
Lawson, J.W., Stenson, G.B., and McKinnon, D.G. 1995. Diet of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in nearshore waters of the northwest Atlantic during 1990-93. Can. J. Zool., 73:1805-1818.
Lydersen, C., and Kovacs, K.M. 1993. Diving behaviour of lactating harp seal, Phoca groenlandica, females from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Anim. Behav., 46:1213-1221.
Meisenheimer, P. 1995. Seals, cod, ecology and mythology. Technical Briefing. 95-01. International Marine Mammal Association Inc., Guelph, Ontario.
Myers, R.A., and Cadigan, N.G. 1995. Was an increase in natural mortality responsible for the collapse of northern cod? Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 52:1274-1285.
Myers, R.A., Hutchings, J.A., and Barrowman, N.J. 1996. Hypotheses for the decline of cod in the North Atlantic. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 138:293-308.
Myers, R.A., Hutchings, J.A., and Barrowman, N.J. 1997. Why do fish stocks collapse? The example of cod in Atlantic Canada. Ecol. Appl., 7:91-106.
Northridge, S.P. 1984. World review of interactions between marine mammals and fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. 251. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Pemberton, D., Merdsoy, B., Gales, R., and Renouf, D. 1994. Interaction between offshore trawlers and harp and hooded seals off Newfoundland. Biol. Conserv., 68:123-127.
Platt, C. 1978. Conservation versus commercial exploitation of seals with special reference to the harp seal. Mammal Rev., 8:15-18.
Renouf, D., Noseworthy, E., and Scott, M.C. 1990. Daily fresh water consumption by captive harp seals (Phoca groenlandica). Mar. Mamm. Sci., 6:253-257.
Renouf, D., Gales, R., and Noseworthy, E. 1993. Seasonal variation in energy intake and condition of harp seals: is there a harp seal morph? Problems for bioenergetic modelling. J. Zool. (Lond.), 230:513-528.
Renouf, D., and Gales, R. 1994. Seasonal variation in the metabolic rate of harp seals: unexpected energetic economy in the cold ocean. Can. J. Zool., 72:1625-1632.
Ronald, K., Frank, R.J., Dougan, J.L., Frank, R., and Braun, H.E. 1984. Pollutants in harp seals (Phoca groenlandica). I. Organochlorines. Sci. Total Environ., 38:133-152.
Ronald, K., Johnson, E., Foster, M., and Vander Pol, D. 1970. The harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777). I. Methods of handling, molt, and diseases in captivity. Can. J. Zool., 48:1035-1040.
Scott, D.M., and Fisher, H.D. 1958. Incidence of the ascarid Porrocaecum decipiens in the stomachs of three species of seals along the southern Canadian Atlantic mainland. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 15:495-516.
Sergeant, D.E. 1973. Feeding, growth, and productivity of northwest Atlantic harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus). J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 30:17-29.
Stenson, G.B. 1994. The status of pinnipeds in the Newfoundland region. NAFO Sci. Counc. Stud., 21:115-119.
Stenson, G.B., Hammill, M.O., and Lawson, J.W. 1995. Predation of Atlantic cod, capelin and Arctic cod by harp seals in Atlantic Canada. Atlantic Research Document. 95/72. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, St. John's, NF.
Stewart, R.E.A., and Lavigne, D.M. 1984. Energy transfer and female condition in nursing harp seals Phoca groenlandica. Holarct. Ecol., 7:182-194.
Stewart, R.E.A., Lightfoot, N., and Innes, S. 1981. Parturition in harp seals. J. Mammal., 62:845-850.
Stewart, R.E.A., Stewart, B.E., Lavigne, D.M., and Miller, G.M. 1989. Fetal growth of northwest Atlantic harp seal, Phoca groenlandica. Can. J. Zool., 67:2147-2157.
Wallace, S.D., and Lawson, J.W. 1997. A review of stomach contents of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) from the Northwest Atlantic: an update. 97-01. International Marine Mammal Association, Guelph, ON.
Woodley, T.H., and Lavigne, D.M. 1995. Will killing more seals help bring back the fish? 95-01. International Marine Mammal Association Inc., Quelph, Ontario.
© Copyright Dr. Jack Lawson, 1999
